Conditionals sentences

Conditionals  

Definition: The conditional tense says that an action is reliant on something else. The conditionals are used to talk about real or unreal situations, they are sometimes called if-clauses. Real Conditional describes real-life situations. Unreal Conditional describes unreal, imaginary situations. For example: If a certain condition is true, then a particular result happens. There are four basic conditionals that we use in English. Zero Conditional First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional * There are some more conditionals formed by mixing some of these four. Structure of Conditional Sentences The Zero Conditional is used for actions that are always true when the conditions are satisfied. The structure of the conditionals is straightforward. There are two basic possibilities in terms of order in the sentence: IF Condition Result If it rains, we will get wet Result IF Condition we will get wet If it rains, * Notice that we only use a comma in the first example. Conditionals: Time and Probability Table Probability Conditional Example Time Certain zero conditional If you heat water to 100 degrees celsius, it boils any time Likely first conditional If it rains, I will stay in. future Unlikely second conditional If I won the lottery, I would retire. future Impossible second conditional If I had the money, I would lend it to you present Impossible third conditional If I had seen him, I would have given him the message. past Zero Conditional: Certainty The Zero conditional is used for things that are always true as long as the condition is met. Formation: if + present simple, + present simple IF Condition Result Situation   present simple present simple   If you heat water to 100 degrees celsius, it boils. fact- universal   present simple present simple   If I drink coffee, I get a headache. fact- personal In these examples, the result will always occur if the condition is met, so the time is not important. First Conditional: A real possibility in the future A First Conditional sentence is for future actions dependent on the result of another future action or event, where there is a reasonable possibility of the conditions for the action being satisfied. Formation: if + present simple, + will For example: If she gets good grades, she will go to university. We are talking about the future, but we use a present tense for the condition and will for the result. In this case, the person is sure about going to university. We can use other modal verbs in the result part of the sentence. For example: IF Condition Result Possibility If she gets good grades, she will go to university. If the condition is met, then she definitely will go If he gets good grades, he may go to university. He is not sure about going to university. If she gets good grades, she should go to university. The speaker is expressing his or her opinion, giving advice. If he gets good grades, he can go to university. This means that it is possible. If she gets good grades, she could go to university. This means that it is possible, but not that likely. If he gets good grades, he might go to university. This means that it is possible, but not that likely. We can also use different present forms in the condition part of the sentence like: present simple, present progressive, present perfect, etc Second Conditional: Imaginary Present or Unlikely Future The Second Conditional can be used used to talk about imaginary present situations, where we are imagining something different from what is really the case. We can also use it to talk about things in the future that are unlikely to happen, as the condition is unlikely to be met. We use the past tense in the condition part and would for the result. Formation: if + past simple, + would + base form For Example: If I were you, I'd tell her. IF Condition Time Result Possibility   past simple present WOULD + base verb impossible If I had the time,   I would learn Italian. I don't have the time, so I'm not going to learn Italian.   past simple future WOULD + base verb unlikely If I won the lottery   I would travel around the world. There's a very small chance of winning the lottery, so the trip is unlikely We can use other modal verbs in the past tense in the result part of the sentence: IF Condition Result Certainty   past simple WOULD + base verb   If I had the time, I would learn Italian. Although unlikely to happen, the speaker is sure that they would do it given the opportunity. If I had more time, I might learn English. Although unlikely to happen, it is only a possibility anyway. If I had more time, I should learn some more about IT. Although unlikely to happen, the speaker is saying that it would be a good idea, but is not committed to it. If I had more time I could learn Hindi. Although unlikely to happen, it is only a possibility anyway.   Third Conditional: Imaginary Past The third conditional is used when we are talking about the past and imagining something different from what actually happened, that means for imaginary past actions, where the conditions for the action WERE NOT satisfied. Formation: if + past perfect, + would have + past participle For example: If I had known, I would have helped. I didn't know and didn't help. IF Condition Result Certainty   past perfect WOULD HAVE+ past participle   If I had known, I would have helped. Although this didn't happen, the speaker is sure about the result. If I had known, I could have helped. Although this didn't happen, the result is only a possibility. If I had known, I might have helped. Although this didn't happen, the result is only a possibility. If you had known, you should have helped. Although this didn't happen, it is only a good suggestion or piece of advice.   Third Second Mixed Conditionals For imaginary present actions or situations that are not possible because the necessary conditions were not met in the past. Formation: if + past perfect, + would + base form For example: If you had taken the course, you would know about it. (The conditions were not met because the person did not do the course and as a result does not know about it now.) Second Third Mixed Conditionals To avoid the illogicality of saying 'If I had been you', which means that I was not you on that occasion, but could be in the future, which is, of course, impossible. Formation: if + past simple, + would have + past participle For example: If I were you, I wouldn't have done that. When the first part is still true For example: If I could speak English, I wouldn't have needed to get the letter translated. (This means that I couldn't speak English then when I needed the translator and still can't)

How to write a CV

How to write a CV 

Curriculum Vitae format

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Sample Curriculum Vitae
Allen Yan (86)1338-1111-420   yhnasa@123.com   EDUCATION Sep 2008---Present,  Shanghai University, BE           Candidate for Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering degree (ME). Major academic courses highlights: Company Property Management; Marketing; Economics; English Technology Communication; Information Management System; Modern Fabrication System. May 2011, Certified Public Accounting Training (CPA) OCCUPATION Dec 2011----present,  ITT Flygt investment. China Application Engineer, Sales & Marketing  Application support and industry projects tracing to sales office to achieve the sales budget and new industry market application research.  Pay suitable visits to end users and DI for seminars and technical presentations with salesperson or distributors while collecting marketing information and competitor information analysis. July 2011----Sep 2011,  Intel Products Co., Shanghai, China                     CPU Assembly Engineer (Internship)         Analyzed the yield ratio trend, documented and solved the current problems. Participated in the training of marketing, business process modeling and analysis at Intel University. Visualized a project review with impressive presentation and multi-media animation, which was highly appreciated by department manager. June 2011----July 2011, GF Fund Management Co., LTD. Campus Intern                          Analyzed investment principles and related financial derived products Formulated the scheme of market popularization and network marketing. AWARDS 2009-2010, Second-Class Scholarship for Excellent Students of Shanghai University. 2010-2011, the Imagine Ambassador of Shanghai Tennis Popularization. COMPETENCIES & INTERESTS English Ability: Band 6 and the intermediate test of interpretation. Germany Ability: 600 hours of Germany lessons in TongJi University. Computer Skills: National Computer Lever 3rd Certificate. ( Network Communication )  Professional Certificate of Assistant Information Officer (AIO).   C++, VBA, Provision, JMP, AutoCAD, 3Dsmax, Photoshop, Solidworks, Aftereffect Personal Interests: Basketball (Skills); skating (Speed); English (elegant); Snooker (Stable)    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- John Smith Street, City, State, Zip Phone: 555-555-5555 Cell: 555-666-6666 email@email.com Objective: Assistant Professor, Psychology Education: Ph.D., Psychology, University of Minnesota, 2006 Concentrations: Psychology, Community Psychology Dissertation: A Study of Learning Disabled Children in a Low Income Community M.A., Psychology, University at Albany, 2003 Concentrations: Psychology, Special Education Thesis: Communication Skills of Learning Disabled Children B.A, Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, 2000 Experience: Instructor, 2004 - 2006 University of Minnesota Course: Psychology in the Classroom Teaching Assistant, 2002 - 2003 University at Albany Courses: Special Education, Learning Disabilities Research Skills: Extensive knowledge of SPSSX and SAS statistical programs. Presentations: Smith John (2006). The behavior of learning disabled adolescents in the classrooms. Paper presented at the Psychology Conference at the University of Minnesota. Publications: Smith, John (2005). The behavior of learning disabled adolescents in the classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 120 - 125. Grants and Fellowships: RDB Grant (University of Minnesota Research Grant, 2005), $2000 Workshop Grant (for ASPA meeting in New York, 2004), $1500 Awards and Honors: Treldar Scholar, 2005 Academic Excellent Award, 2003 Skills and Qualifications: Microsoft Office, Internet Programming ability in C++ and PHP Fluent in German, French and Spanish References: Excellent references available upon request.  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   Academic Curriculum Vitae Sample _____________________________________ Wayne M. Sarft 21 Van Duyne Avenue Riverdale, NJ 07457 telephone: 1-973-839-1731 e-mail: Custerfile@optonline.net CURRICULUM VITAE EDUCATION The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY Ph.D. in military history; minor in American history (2001) Dissertation: "A Winter Campaign: General Philip H. Sheridan's Operations on the Southern Plains, 1868-69" Advisor: Dr. David Syrett Drew University, Madison, NJ B.A. in History, English minor (1980) College of St. Elizabeth, Madison, NJ Education 251: Psychology of Learning -- Adolescent; Education 252: Human Intercultural Problems in Education (1977-1978) TEACHING EXPERIENCE Hunter College, New York, NY U.S. History to 1877; U.S. History from 1865; The Civil War (2001 to date) Fashion Institute of Technology, New York, NY U.S. History from 1865 (2004-2005) John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY World Civilization I: prehistory - A.D. 1500; World Civilization: from A.D. 1500 (1998-2004) Saint Peter's College, Jersey City, NJ The Civil War; World Perspectives in History II (2003-2004, 2006) New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ Civilizations I (2003) Baruch College, New York, NY Senior Coordinator, Peer Tutoring Program, History Department (1996-1997) Themes in American History: The Frontier (2000) Touro College, New York, NY (Men's and Women's Divisions) U.S. History from 1865 (2001) Modern History I: Renaissance to 1815; Modern History II: 1815 to present (1994-1995) New York City Technical College, Brooklyn, NY U.S. History to 1877; U.S. History from 1865; State and Local Government (1995-1996) PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS Board of Directors, New York Military Affairs Symposium (NYMAS) American Historical Association Western History Association PUBLICATIONS Books Attack at Dawn: Phil Sheridan's Winter Campaign, 1868-1869. In preparation for University of Oklahoma Press. The Little Bighorn Campaign, March-September, 1876. Revised paperback edition. Conshohocken: Combined Publishing, 2000. The Civil War Book of Lists (contributing editor). Conshohocken: Combined Books, 1993. The Little Bighorn Campaign, March-September 1876. Conshohocken: Combined Books, 1993. (Published simultaneously as a Main Selection by the Military Book Club) God Bless You, Buffalo Bill: A Layman's Guide to History and the Western Film. New Brunswick: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press and Cornwall Books, 1983. Introductions, Published Addresses, and Articles Introduction to My Life on the Plains by George A. Custer (New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006) Introduction to Tenting on the Plains by Elizabeth B. Custer (New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006) "Hand to Hand." Kansas Journal of Military History, Summer 2005 "Toward A Last Stand: Some Reflections on History and Myth," in 15th Annual Symposium,Custer Battlefield Historical & Museum Association, Inc. Hardin, MT: n.p., 2002. "Oscar Eaten By Wolves." Film Comment, November-December 1991. "Russell Means on Custer Hill." The American Spectator, December 1988 "Custer and His Times: A Capsule History," and drawings in Custer and His Times, Book Three, ed. by Gregory J.W. Urwin. Conway: University of Central Arkansas Press, 1987. Reviews "Los Diablos Tejanos." Review of Lone Star Justice: The First Century of the Texas Rangers, by Robert M. Utley. Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture, November 2002. Review of Ben Nighthorse Campbell: An American Warrior, by Herman J. Viola. The American Spectator, April 1994. Review of The Oregon Trail/The Conspiracy of Pontiac by Francis Parkman. The American Spectator, December 1992. "Son of the Morning After." Review of Cavalier in Buckskin: George Armstrong Custer and the Western Military Frontier, by Robert M. Utley. The American Scholar, Autumn 1990. Review of High Noon in Lincoln: Violence on the Western Frontier, by Robert M. Utley. The American Spectator, March 1989. "Wings of the Navy." Review of Flight of the Intruder, by Stephen Coonts. Chronicles of Culture, November 1988. Review of Paper Medicine Man: John Gregory Bourke and His American West, by Joseph C. Porter. The American Spectator, April 1988. "Sterile Prairie." Review of The Fatal Environment: The Myth of the Frontier in the Age of Industrialization 1800-1900, by Richard Slotkin. Chronicles of Culture, February 1988. Review of The Custer Mystery, by Charles G. Du Bois. National Review, 13 March 1987. "Thoroughly Modern Phil." Review of Phil Sheridan and His Army, by Paul Andrew Hutton. The American Scholar, Autumn 1986. Review of The Korean War: Pusan to Chosin: An Oral History, by Donald Knox. The American Spectator, July 1986. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sample International Curriculum Vitae Fahd El Zoghat American University of Beirut · P. O .Box 11-0236/1533, Beirut, Lebanon. · Tel 1: 00961-1-323365 (Beirut) · Tel 2: 0096311-6820300 (Damascus) · e-mail: abc@aub.edu.lb Objective: To secure a promising position that offers both a challenge and a good opportunity for growth. Personal Data:Date of Birth: March 26, 1975 Place of Birth: Qatana, Syria Nationality: Syrian & Lebanese Marital Status: Single Male Education: Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering, Concentration of Telecommunication Engineering (2000), Damascus University. Damascus, Syria. Note: Ranked second among the graduates of the academic year 1999 -2000. Master of Engineering, Computer and Communications Engineering (CCE). Thesis in Digital Image Processing. Date of graduation: June 2004, American University of Beirut A.U.B. Beirut, Lebanon. Related Skills: Hardware: Z80 Microprocessor, Intel 8085 Microprocessor, Analog Design, Digital Design, RF Design, Digital signal processing, Digital image processing. Design Tools: Function generator, oscilloscope, Digital voltmeters, and logic analyzer. Computer: Operating System: MSDOS, Microsoft Windows, Windows NT. Design: PSPICE, MATLAB, and MATHEMATICA Programming Language: FORTRAN, PASCAL, Assembly General: Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel and Visio Technical Language: Fluent in Arabic and English. Undergraduate Projects: Function generator design: Generating sinusoidal, triangular and rectangular small signals using digital techniques. Ultrasonic guiding device for the Blind: The device used ultrasonic transmitters and receivers aided with the 8031 Intel processor to perform a desired algorithm. The program was written in assembly language and stored in an external EPROM chip. The project provided a clear path for the user by producing an audible signal. Graduate Projects: Digital signal processing: Musical sound processing: Designing filters and doing all the needed simulations using MATLAB to see the frequency response, gain response and the pole-zero plot of these filters. The aim of this project is to design filters able to generate single echo, multiple echoes or infinite number of echoes for the original direct sound (input of the filter). The project included also all the needed simulations for designing comb filters, teeth filters, first order filters and shelving filters, second order filters and equalizers and high order equalizers. Digital Image Processing: Designed an algorithm to trace the boundary of an object in a digital image, using MATLAB and then displaying the contour. Thesis: Boundary Extraction Methods for Segmentation, Representation and Description in Digital Image Processing. The research concentrated on showing the advantages of the four-neighbor connectivity approach, which is used to trace the contour of objects, over the eight-neighbor connectivity approach in terms of the chain code's efficiency and the compression ratio that can be achieved. Another boundary extraction method using morphological operations was developed in the research. Experience: Graduate Assistant American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon 2003 - 2004 · Assisted a professor in the computer simulation of digital circuits (RC Integrators) using both PSPICE and MATLAB. · Assisted an instructor in the area of electromagnetic fields and radar systems. · Worked as an instructor in the Microprocessor Lab: Duties included teaching the students, correcting their reports and assisting in the assembly of electronic circuits. · Programmed microprocessors based on the Z80 and the Intel 8085 using Assembly language. Worked as an instructor in the physics dept/AUB (Electricity and Magnetism Lab.) Working as a research assistant with a professor in the area of digital image processing: The work includes investigating the properties of a new edge detecting technique with a smoothing effect. Teaching American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon 2002 - 2003 Worked as an instructor in the physics dept/AUB (Electricity and Magnetism Lab.) Worked as an instructor in the physics dept/AUB (Electronics Lab.) Hardware/Software Engineer Allied System Group Beirut, Lebanon 2000 - 2002 Duties included the installation and maintenance of software and hardware related products. Maintenance engineer Arabic Computer Center Damascus, Syria. 1999 - 2000 Provided computer related hardware/software maintenance and support to employees throughout the company.             --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- El CV cronológico         Fotografía NOMBRE DEL CANDIDATO Datos de contacto: Dirección Teléfono, email. EXPERIENCIA PROFESIONAL Última empresa en la que ha trabajado (fecha de inicio y fin o fecha-hasta la actualidad) Cargo desempeñado Funciones llevadas a cabo: Resumir a modo de enumeración las principales funciones que desarrolla o desarrollaba diariamente. Trabajos anteriores describiendo las funciones que ha llevado a cabo por orden cronológico. FORMACIÓN ACADÉMICA Centro de estudios donde haya concluido sus estudios. Título obtenido. IDIOMAS Enumeración de los idiomas que conozca marcando el nivel de comprensión del que dispone de cada uno. INFORMÁTICA Programas que maneja y sistemas operativos con los que esté acostumbrado a trabajar. DATOS DE INTERÉS Breve descripción de las principales aptitudes y destrezas, aficiones y características reseñable.     Fotografía NOMBRE DEL CANDIDATO Datos de contacto: Dirección Teléfono, email. PERFIL PROFESIONAL Breve descripción de la trayectoria profesional y de las cualidades y destrezas de las que dispone. CAPACIDADES DEMOSTRADAS Enumeración de las principales tareas que ha desempeñado durante su vida laboral como dirección y coordinación de equipos, capacidad de negociación, etc. OBJETIVOS CONSEGUIDOS Principales logros conseguidos durante su carrera profesional EXPERIENCIA Principales trabajos que ha desempeñado y nombre de la empresa donde los ha realizado. FORMACIÓN Título académico y lugar donde realizó sus estudios.     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   El CV sin experiencia La gente joven necesita presentar su juventud como una ventaja más que como un inconveniente. Así que considera qué aspectos de tu juventud podrían ser puntos positivos. Por ejemplo, quizás estés dispuesto a trabajar con un salario menor, o a aceptar tareas menos deseables, a trabajar más horas o en horarios menos convenientes, o a realizar otras actividades que otro trabajador más experimentado no haría. Si es ese el caso, hazlo constar. Debes ser consciente de que muchas empresas prefieren contratar gente con experiencia y habilidad demostrada en la ejecución de trabajos relacionados con el puesto que tienen que cubrir. Sin embargo, la gente joven que se sabe presentar convenientemente pueden ser mejor considerados que otras personas con mejores credenciales. ¿Falta de experiencia? La gente joven, incluidos los recién titulados, a menudo tienen dificultades para conseguir los trabajos que desean ya que, a menudo, se emplea a gente con más experiencia. En este caso, debes hacer hincapié en tu capacidad de adaptación que sustituiría la falta de experiencia. Una vez más, un resumen de habilidades sería tu mejor carta de presentación. Por ejemplo, resaltar habilidades tales como "el trabajo duro" y "aprender rápidamente" podrán impresionar al seleccionador de personal lo suficiente como para considerarte por encima de trabajadores con experiencia. Deberías también pensar en la posibilidad de mostrarte dispuesto a aceptar condiciones difíciles o menos deseables como una forma de entrar en un campo y adquirir experiencia. Por ejemplo, afirmaciones tales como "dispuesto a trabajar noches y fines de semana" o "dispuesto a viajar o cambiar de residencia" podrían abrir algunas posibilidades atractivas para una empresa. También deberías buscar cualquier actividad pasada que pudiera ser aceptable como experiencia y hacer énfasis en ella. Podrás incluir trabajo voluntario, responsabilidades familiares, educación, formación, experiencia militar, o cualquier otro asunto que se pueda presentar como una actividad legítima que refuerce tu capacidad de hacer el trabajo que se propone. ¿Recién titulado? Si te has titulado recientemente, probablemente estás compitiendo con aquellos que tienen un nivel de educación similar pero mayor experiencia laboral. Si no tienes mucha experiencia relacionada con el trabajo que deseas, obviamente deberás hacer énfasis en tu formación o titulación reciente. Esto podría incluir una mención específica de los cursos a los que has asistido u otras actividades relacionadas más directamente con el trabajo que buscas ahora. Los recién titulados necesitan ver su proceso de aprendizaje como equivalente al trabajo. De hecho, es el tipo de trabajo que requiere autodisciplina, ejecución de variedad de tareas y otras actividades que son muy similares a las requeridas en muchos trabajos. En caso de que hayas aprendido una serie de cuestiones relacionadas directamente con el ejercicio del trabajo que deseas llevar a cabo, deberías presentarlas en un resumen de capacidades, de la misma forma que presentarías experiencias laborales en un resumen cronológico. También te sugerimos que comentes si estás familiarizado con las nuevas tendencias y técnicas en tu campo y que puedes aplicar estas habilidades en el nuevo trabajo desde el primer día. Ya que si tienes la experiencia reciente de estudiar y aprender temas nuevos, podrás aprender rápidamente lo relacionado con el puesto de trabajo. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ¿Qué tipo de CV elegir? Por Fernando Guijarro Hudson & Highland No cabe duda de que la evaluación de un currículum va a depender de los requerimientos del puesto a cubrir al que vaya dirigido, sin embargo, puede haber algunas normas generales comunes a todos. Es necesario diferenciar el currículum tradicional de los on-line, cada vez más utilizados en los procesos de selección. El CV online En estos existen claras ventajas: El formato es predefinido y permite concretar la información. Algunas webs ofrecen la posibilidad de realizar hasta cinco tipos diferentes de formatos adaptados a las necesidades de cada usuario conforme a los puestos a los que opta y permiten la estandarización y la posible comparación rápida de perfiles. Sin embargo algunas de las desventajas son: la falta de creatividad y el excesivo esquematismo al que se ve ceñida la información. El CV tradicional En cuanto a los currículos tradicionales, de la misma manera que cuando tomamos contacto por primera vez con una persona lo primero que nos llama la atención es su aspecto físico, a la hora de leer un currículum, lo primero que llama la atención son aspectos relacionados con el orden, organización por áreas, esquematización, síntesis, etc. Es necesario que la apariencia sea pulcra, clara y concisa. La diferenciación por apartados debería estar acorde con lo que más peso tenga en la trayectoria de una persona. Por ejemplo, si nos encontramos ante una persona en la que el peso específico de su currículum se centra en su trayectoria, debería presentar en primer lugar esto y no los cursos de postgrado que haya podido realizar, ya que estos aparecerían en un segundo plano. Es importante que se resalte lo más claramente posible los aspectos esenciales, de tal manera que cuando un seleccionador lea ese currículum le llamen la atención los "titulares", como si leyera un periódico, que le faciliten una idea inicial aproximada de lo que luego investigará después. La trayectoria profesional La imagen física es importante, pero cuando nos metemos de lleno en su lectura hay que diferenciar aquellos currículos con o sin experiencia profesional. Siempre que exista una trayectoria profesional este será el área más importante a investigar. Si nos encontramos ante un currículum cronológico, es decir, en el que aparezcan desde y hasta cuando se ha ocupado una posición determinada, habrá que tener en cuenta que no existan espacios en blanco en los que no esté justificada una inactividad. Por otro lado y quizás como aspecto más importante, se valorará el hecho de que haya sido una trayectoria ascendente, tanto en categoría profesional, como en amplitud de funciones y campo de responsabilidad, como en tipo, sector o dimensiones de empresa. No sería positivo apreciar dos puestos similares, en empresas similares y con las mismas responsabilidades en periodos superiores a un año, ya que se puede considerar como reflejo de un escaso crecimiento y desarrollo profesional.